Immune Modulators Under research

LL-37

Also known as: Catelicidina humana, CAP-18 (fragmento), hCAP18

LL-37 is the only antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family present in humans. It is part of innate immunity and has broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity, as well as immunomodulatory and wound-healing properties. It is a research compound of great interest in resistant infections and tissue repair.

Mechanism of action

LL-37 is a cationic amphipathic peptide.

Membrane disruption: it inserts into negatively charged microbial membranes and destabilizes them, causing lysis.
Immunomodulation: recruits neutrophils and monocytes, modulates cytokines and neutralizes endotoxin (LPS).
Angiogenesis and healing: promotes cell migration and new vessel formation.

Uses & indications

Resistant infections (antimicrobial research).
Chronic wound healing.
Immune modulation and studies in inflammatory diseases.

Effects

Intended effects: broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, support for healing and immune modulation.

Adverse effects: at high concentrations it can be cytotoxic to host cells; potentially pro-inflammatory and hemolytic. Limited human clinical data.

Considerations & contraindications

Research compound; no clinical approval.
Narrow therapeutic window (dose-dependent cytotoxicity).
Linked to autoimmune processes (psoriasis, lupus) when overexpressed.

Regulatory approval

Not approved by FDA/EMA. Used only in preclinical and laboratory research.

Dosage

Research contexts only; no established clinical regimen exists.

Storage

Lyophilized: -20 °C for long-term storage, 2–8 °C short term. Reconstituted: refrigerate and use promptly.

Technical data

Regulatory status Under research

Molecular weight 4493.3 Da

Half-life ~1 hora (plasma)

Administration routes Subcutánea, tópica (investigación)